Which disease is commonly caused by Cryptococcus neoformans?

• A. Candidiasis
• B. Aspergillosis
• C. Cryptococcal meningitis
• D. Histoplasmosis

Answer: (C)

Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungus that most often causes cryptococcal meningitis, particularly in people with weakened immune systems. After being inhaled from the environment, it can reach the brain and cause meningitis, leading to symptoms like headache and neck stiffness. In immunocompromised individuals, this CNS involvement is a common and serious consequence. Diagnosis is typically via CSF testing for cryptococcal antigen or staining that shows encapsulated yeasts, and treatment combines potent antifungals such as amphotericin B with flucytosine, followed by fluconazole. The other fungi listed cause different diseases—Candida leads to candidiasis, Aspergillus to aspergillosis, and Histoplasma to histoplasmosis—so they are not the typical agents behind cryptococcal meningitis.